Aɛmer Imac
Aɛmer Imac (s tlatinit : Imache Amar), d argaz n tesertit Aqbayli, ilul ass n 7 Yulyu 1895 deg taddart n At Meṣbaḥ Tamurt n Iqbayliyen deg tɣiwant n At Dwala, yemmut ass n 7 Fuṛaṛ deg useggas 1960.
 Aɛmer Imac | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tameddurt | |
| Talalit | 7 Yulyu 1895 |
| Taɣlent | Fransa |
| Lmut | 7 Fuṛaṛ 1960 |
| Tiɣri | |
| Tutlayin | Taɛrabt |
| Amahil | |
| Amahil | asertay |
Tameddurt-is
ẓregTemẓi-s deg At Dwala
ẓregDeg yiwet n taddart, isem-is At Mesbaḥ n tɣiwant n At-Dwala, ass 07 n yulyu n useggas n 1895, ilul-d yiwen n llufan semman-as Aɛmer Imac. Tawacult-is d tin i ixeddmen tafellaḥt seg zik, am twaculin meṛṛa n temurt n Leqbayel.
Aɛmer, yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz, asmi yesɛa tmenya iseggasen deg leɛmeṛ-is, aɣerbaz i d-yusan deg taddart n Tegemmunt Ukerruc. Yeffɣ-d seg-s deg useggas 1908. D yiwen i yezemren, sin iseggasen kan mi i d-yeffeɣ yebda leqdic deg useggas 1910, armi qrib ad yewweḍ ṭṭrad agraɣlan amezwaru n 1914, yekker yunag ɣer Fransa.
Deg Fṛansa
ẓregYufa-d dinna axeddim, deg yiwet n teḥanut. Aɛmer yessen axeddim-is akken iwata. Ur yelli ara d aɣrib yeqqimen deg yiwen wemkan, ɣas ulama ixuṣṣ din kra n ttawilat, yessen ad iɣer, am wakken daɣen yessen ad yaru akken iwata tafransist. Armi d aseggas n 1926 i d-yufa amkan i t-iɛejben. Sutren-as ad tessalin d aqerru n yixeddamen.
ɣas ulama deg wuṭṭun wis ɛecra n weɣmis El Umma n wayyur n yebrir 1933, i d-iban i tikkelt tamezwarut yisem n Aɛmer Imac d amyaru aɣella. Aɛmer yettaru si zik, maca s yisem nniḍen. Yeqqim deg weɣmis El Umma armi d aseggas 1937, d aɣmis i s-yerran azal, i s-yefkan udem ama di tmurt ama di berra.
Tmenya n yiseggasen n lxedma, armi d aseggas 1933, anida d-yufrar deg wegraw n 28 mayu 1933 d amaray amatu n Yetri n Ugafa n Tferka. D aɣelnazri ɣef Lezzayer Tazzayrit, di tmurt n yeɛdawen, i lmend n umennuɣ-is s tuffra, yettwattef ɣer lḥebs ass n 5 deg unbir 1934, yerna ixelleṣ 200 frank n lexṭiyya. Mi i iɛedda di ccreɛ ttren-t, tirririt-is : « nefraḥ aṭas aṭas, mi d-tewweḍ tegnit am tagi, i tikkelt tamezwarut, i tikkelt tamezwarut, 101 iseggasen ayagi, ad d-nssuɣ lmeḥna-nneɣ zdat n teɣdemt tafransist, ad teslem awal-nneɣ s yimeɣnasen n ugafa n tfarka ». Setta n wayyuren i yeqqim, yeffeɣ-d deg wayyur n mayu 1935.
Ur yuɣal ara ɣer wemkan-is n lxedma, sebba ɣef umennuɣ aserti, yelha-d d Yetri ENA. D bab n tidet, yessawaḍ awal-is. Degmi i d-yufrar deg useggas 1935 ɣer tama n uselway n Yetri ENA Meṣṣali Lḥağ. Ma d aselaway amezwaru, seg useggas 1924 ar 1926, isem-is Ğeffal Muḥamed i d-ilullen deg useggas n 1885 di taddart At Ḥag n tɣiwant Irğen.
Seg asmi i iruḥ, Messali ɣer umdakkel-is Cekkib Arslan ɣer Genève, deg wayyur n wunbir 1935 ar yunyu 1936, d Imac, Yaḥyawi, Nwira d Rağef i iheddren s yisem ukabar n Yetri, armi d-yuɣal Meṣṣali di tallit n Tirni Taɣerfant1. yessaweḍ lḥal sin imddukkal-a, i tikkelt tamezwarut, ur msefhamen ara, anwa i d abrid ara awin deg unebdu 1936, ay-a sebba-ines d tamuɣli ukabar ɣef tkebaniyin n lɛesker agraɣlan2, anida Aɛmer Imac yugi ad yili ɣer tama n leḥkem n Tirni taɣerfant n Spanyul, acku aneggaru-ya yugi ad yeqbel timunent i wid yellan seddaw n laɛnaya-ines, ladɣa tamnaḍt n Rrif. Tugin-agi n uttekki n Yetri ENA ur yelli wemsefhem d Ukabar Azduklan Aṛumi (PCF) di tallit n Tirni taɣerfant.
Imac ur yessusum ara, yezga yeqqar-d ayen i t-iceɣben, di lweqt anida tamuɣli n Ukabar Azdukklan Aṛumi ɣef Blum Violet ur telhi ara. Deg tirririt n Aɛmer Imac i wid yellan deg-s, yenna: ṭṭfen amkan n yir rraṣa, ay imdukkal n yeɛdawen. Ma d tamuɣli-ines ɣef Blum yenna : ur yelli d ayen yelhan, d akellex kan fell-aɣ.
Seg tallit-nni, amennuɣ ger Aɛmer Imac d Messali yettnerni. Mi d-yehder wegraw n Yetri n Ugafa n Tfarka, i d-yeḍran ass n 27 di yebrir 1936, di temdint n Grande aux Belles, zdat n 500 n yimeɣnasen, Aɛmer yerfed awal, yesmekta-d deg-s amezruy n ukabar n Yetri, yenna: d nek i yellan s deffir n tlalit n Yetri ENA, seg tama nniḍen yenna, amek Messali ur yettwaṭṭef ara ɣer lḥebs deg useggas 1935, d acu i d sebba? Mi yesla ttɛeggiḍen kra n yimeɣnasen s uselway Messali, yerra-yasen : tiddukla ilaq ad teddu d wahil-ines mačči ddaw n ufus n yiwen wergaz.
Ɣas akken yeḍra yid-s wannect-nni, Aɛmer yeqqim, yettkemmil amennuɣ deg ukabar n Yetri, d imenɣi mgal ukabar n Tirni Taɣerfant, acku d akabar-agi i d-yeglan s uselyen n Yetri n Ugafa n Tferka. Deg awal-is, d amaray amatu yenna : d akabar n Tirni Taɣerfant i d sebba n uselyen n ukabar-nneɣ. Amgirred ger Aɛmer d Messali irennu ula di lweqt n lḥeṛs mgal Fransa, messali yesuffeɣ-d yiwet n tikti ɣef tlalit n Umnir 1Azzayri. Si tama tayeḍ, Imac yessuter timunent i tmurt n Lezzayer. Ɣas ulama yella ger-asen wugur aserti, sawḍen ad mlilen, Aɛmer yesɛa kan deffir-s imeɣnasen d Lqbayel, ma d Messali yesɛa ula d netta wid n temnaḍt-is. Di temlilit-agi Aɛmer yerfed awal, yefka-d amedya n tmurt n Leqbayel yellan si zik, tessen amek tetteddu s tlalit n useqamu agdudan, d amgdul, ula d fransa neɣ timura nniḍen mazal ur ssinent walen-agi. Ugur aserti yellan si zik, maca iban-d aya-a kan, ger imeɣnasen, amek ara tili Lezzayer ɣer zdat, d taɛrabt d tineslemt neɣ d tin n yedles d tutlayt n tmaziɣt.
Ussan n ṭrad agraɣlan wissin
ẓregMi yebda ṭṭrad agraɣlan wis sin, yal yiwen yesmuqul d acu ad d-yawi, d acu ad d-yaker neɣ ad d-terbaḥ, ma d Aɛmer ur d-yelhi d yiman-is, d win yettzidin di leqdic. Taggara n useggas 1938, yeḍra-d di Fransa wegraw aɣelnaw2 i d-yettwaheggan s tiktiwin n Imac d wemdakkel-is Yaḥyawi. Deg temlilit-agi, Imac, yewwet-d deg Fransa d tmura nniḍen i tt-yettɛawanen, tid yettwalin timura n Tefriqt Ugafa i nnfeɛ-nsent kan, yenna : « Ifriqiyen, yessaweḍ lḥal fell-asen, ad walin nnfeɛ-nsen di tmurt-nsen, ilaq ad ḍefren abrid n umennuɣ i wakken ad ḥarben ɣef tmura-nsen ». Mi d-yella uselyen n Ukabar n Uɣref Azzayri (PPA), Aɛmer yettwaṭṭef ɣer lḥebs, acku yella zik d amaray amatu n Yetri, ay-a yella-d deg useggas n 1940, yemlal dinna d yemdukkal-is n ukabar n weɣref, acku yugi ad yeqbel timlilit d leḥkem Vichy.
Axeddim aneggaru n Aɛmer Imac yella-d deg useggas 1942. Iruh ɣer Lalman, ulac win yeẓran d acu n sebba, yuɣal-d ɣer Fransa ur yettu tasertit. Ṭtrad wis sin mačči d ayen yelhan i d-yewwi ama i netta ama i Tmurt-is.
Tuɣalin ɣer Lezzayer d tegrawla n Tuber 54
ẓregAyyur n yennayer n useggas 1947, ikcem-d ɣer Lezzayer, ikemmel axeddim di Lezzayer Tamanaɣt. Deg waggur n fuṛar, yura tabrat n lefraq i yemdukkal-is yettidiren di Fransa. Yessefhem-d sebba n tuɣalin-is ɣer tmurt d temsalt yellan gar-as d Messali. D ayen yelhan i yexdem, yenna-d daɣen deg-s: « Ma tella tɣawsa, ilaq imenɣi fell-as, d wa i d abrid i weɣref akken ad yaweḍ ɣer lebɣi-s. D aya i d awen-ḍelbeɣ ! Ur yelli d acu ad aɣ-yebḍun. Ur ilaq ad tewwetem deg wayen yelhan, talla tɣawsa ur ilaq weɣref ad tt-yeğğ, ad tettwabeddel neɣ ad tettwaker,… »
Aɛmer Imac, yessuter talalit n Ukabar n Tdukli Tazzayrit1 (PUA). Iswi-s nniḍen, yebɣa ad yessizdeg tineslemt, yerna ad tt-id-yekkes seg yir ifassen.
Ma d ikabaren, Aɣref Azzayri d Umussu MTLD, iɣaḍ-iten lḥal ɣaf wayen d-yenna Aɛmer. Messali iɛedda-d di tudrin n tmurt n Leqbayel, yeqqar : « Aɛmer mačči d ayen yelhan iwumi d-yessawel ». Tiktiwin n Aɛmer Imac ttzidint, ttkemmilent, uɣent amkan deg ukabar n MTLD, kecment deg wallaɣen n yimeɣnasen seg useggas n 1949 ar 1951 akk d 1954 ar 1955. Ayen akk yexdem Aɛmer d iseggasen, d wayen yeḍran yid-s deg umussu-ines, ur yessawed ara ɣer lebɣi-s akken yebɣa, yuɣal yekcem ɣer ukabar UDMA n Ferḥat Ɛebbas.
Deg useggas 1950, i d-yuɣal ɣer taddart-is At-Meṣbaḥ, seg wasmi tebda tegrawla tazzayrit, aṭas i d-yettasen ɣer-s, seg yemdukkal-is neɣ d imjuhad i wakken ad awin kra n tiktiwin d tmuɣli-ines ɣef tallit-agi, d usuter n tesɣunin d yeḍrisen ɣef umennuɣ ad awin.
Ussan-is ineggura
ẓregAɛmer Imac yemmut ass n 17 fuṛar 1960, di taddart-is, At-Meṣbaḥ, taɣiwant n At-Dwala. Dda Aɛmer ilul-d d agrawliw, yedda s tiktiwin-is, yefka tudert-is i umennuɣ ɣef Lazzayer Tazzayrit, ayen nebɣu nini-t-id fell-as, ur nessawad ad d-neḥku ayen yexdem d iseggasen. Awal-is aneggaru i d-yenna di tebrat-is : « tanemmirt i kunwi, a ken-ctiqeɣ, kemmelt deg webrid n tegmat. Myeḥmalet akken iwata am tarwa n yiwet n twacult. Tanemmirt i kunwi ssarameɣ-awen tudert, ur yelli ad yid-wen yedru ad tɛicem deg tmurt-nneɣ Lezzayer…»
Idlisen-is
ẓregYura Aɛmer Imac iḍrisen :
- L’Algérie au carrefour
- L’angoisse de l’Afrique
- Le cyclone sur le monde
- Le procès de mes aïeux
Idlisen yuran fella-s
ẓregIdlisen ɣaf Aɛmer Mezdad :
- Omar Carlier: le cri du révolté «Imache Amar, Un itinéraire militant» ENAL, Alger, 1986.