Acer azewwaɣ (1887)

Acer azewwaɣ d isem yettunnefkan i wass ideg ferqen yimsulta susexdem n lǧehd wid id-yefɣen deg tmesbaniyin s talwit i yellan sawalent ɣer useqɛed n liḥala ideg ttidiren ad tuɣal xir n wayen ideg llan ttidiren, daɣen teffeɣ-d mgal tasertit n tmurt n Irland, deg Lundun, nnig n Trafalgar Square deg wass n wacer 13 deg unbir 1887. Tamesbanit heyyant-tt-id trebbaɛ n Social Democratic Federation d tin n Irish National League.

Timental

Deg useggas n 1985 yexṣer William Gladstone tifranin, imi yella yexdem tixeṣṣarin deg tsertit-ines deg Irmand, ihi ɣef way-a yesɛedda udabu imseḥbiber (adabu n uyeffus) kra n lqanunat n useɣti qaaren-asen Coercion Acts, akken ad rren cwiya n, uqɛad ɣer tmurt. Ihi yiwen seg yiswiyen n tmesbaniyin-agi n 13 unbir yella d asebgen belli agdud ur yeqbil ara Coercion Acts-agi, yernu ur yeqbil ara akk tasertit n uidabu irlandi i yenbeḍ Salisbury.

Seg 1873 tettidir tmurt deg tezɣent n tdamsa-ines i yebdan tessuffuy-d later-is di medden, deg tgelda yedduklen merra maci kan deg Irland. War-axeddim yuwi-d laẓ, unag berra n tmurt d tuffɣa ɣer tudert di berra. Timesbaniyin n yixeddamen rennunt-d ass s deffir wayeḍ. Llant beddunt seg temnaḍt n East End armi d Trafalgar Square, d tinna i d tilisa gar-asen d West End ideg ttidiren yinesbaɣuren. Tuddsatin tinemlayin n Social Democratic Federation i yeṭṭef Henry Hyndman neɣ tin n Fabian Society, ula d wid n National Secular Society i yessawalen ɣer ubeddel n kullec seg uẓar, dduklen akk akked d tmesbaniyin-agi akken asd ṣṣiwḍen tiɣri-nsen i medden.

Reffu yettalin

Reffu n tmetti yella yettali as s deffir n wayeḍ deg tgelda yeduklen deg 1887 , terḥa-ten liḥala n yixeddamen akter n wannect i ten-terḥa termsalt n Irland. Si tazzwara n wayyur n yunyu 1887, yessuffeɣ-d W.T Stead deg Pall Mall Gazette, amzarar n yiḍrisen s uzwrel n « Acu ilaq ad nexdem deg Irland ? » i deg id-yefka tifkin tilerlli n leḥkem n daxel i Irland s yiman-is (ayen i wumi qqaren Home Rule).

Aṭas n temliliyin id-yellan ssawalent ɣer tlelli n umeslay d wacḥakm i ylaq ad salin liḥala n yixeddamen akken ad telhu deg Trafalgar Square, Adeg id-yettili umur ameqqran n tmesbaniyin yesɛan azamul ɣer ugdud imi d netta i d tilisa gar uḥriuc n utaram n Lundun Est End ideg ttidiren yixeddamen igellilen d uḥric-is n umalu ideg ttidiren yinesbaɣuren iḍrisen i yettaru W. T. Stead deg Pall Mall Gazette llan zgan deg temliliyin-agi ɣer tama n umeslay ɣef lweɛran n yimsulta, imdanen id-yennejmaɛen akk dinna di taggar ɣelqen aḥric ameqqran seg ubrid, heyyan,-d tamesbanit i wacer n yimlala id-iteddun imi acer 08 deg unbir ugin-asen yimsulta ad ffɣen deg-s

Ass n 13 deg unbir

Ass n wacer 13 deg unbir 1887, aṭas n yinejmuɛen n yimdanen i yerran ɣer Trafalgar Square seg waṭas n tnilatin. Deg Shaftesbury Avenue, heyyan-d yimsulta iman-nsen s wamek ara wten wid ara d-yeff)en deg tmesbaniyin. S nnig n Trafalgar Square, zzin-d yimsulta i wid id-yeffɣen deg tmesbaniyin. Asefreq iweɛren n yimdanen agi id-yuisan s talwit sɣur yimusulta tuɣal seg wass nni tettwassen s yisem n « wacer azewwaɣ ». Mmuten deg-s sin n yimdanen jerḥen semmus n tmerwin. Kecmen kraḍ n twinas s asekraf.

IMsulta ur ẓrin ara belli llan sdat n tmesbanit meqqren. Ɛerḍen deg yiberdan iɛeddan ad ferqen imsebyaniyen maca ur wwiḍen ara ɣer yiswi meqqren. Yuɣal iban belli ad sxedmen lweɛran macci kan d annecten ad awḍen wid id-yeffɣen. Azal n 10 000 n yimdanen llan tteqraben-d seg yal tama ɣer Trafalgar Square. S nnig-nsen llan wudmawen yettwassnen deg tsertit ladɣa wid n uẓelmaḍ akka am Elizabeth Reynolds, John Burns, Annie Besant, Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, George Bernard Shaw, Eleanor Marx neɣ William Morris.

Ufan-d sdat-nsen 2 000 n yimsulta d 400 n yiserdasen i yettawin irgazen, tulawin, d warrac imecṭaḥ s asekraf, dinna mmuten kraḍ) yejreḥ wugar n 200 n yimdanen (aṭas deg-sen ur qbilen ara yisegnafen ad ten-dawin sdat n wallen n aklk medden iimi ugaden ad tt-waṭṭfen). Ɣas akken iserdasen d yimsulta yiuweḍ-iten lamer ur kkaten ara s rṣaṣ) ur sexdamen lesyuf neɣ iɛekkazen-nsen, ttwaṭṭfen kra n wudmawen.