Imenɣi n Yugurten

Yugurten d yiwan ugellid n Numidya di tallit n 113 ar mi d 104 uqbel Ɛisa. Di lawan-nni, Yugurten yeɛreḍ ad yesdakel imaziɣen akken ad ssufɣen Aṛumi. Xas ur yessaweḍ ara ɣer lebɣi-s, lamaɛna Yugurten yettwassen deg umezruy s imenɣi-ines zdat wudem n Ṛṛum. Imenɣi-yagi i d-yellan jar Yugurten akw d Ṛṛum yekka 6 isegwasen maca ur d-yegli yara s tlelli. Weqbel ad d-nawi awal ɣef imenɣi-yagi ilaq ad nehḍer ɣef ayen i yeḍran di Tmazɣa weqbel ad yuɣal Yugurten d agellid.

Imenɣi n Yugurten

Anaw	ṭṭrad
Azemz aswasan	111 BCE –  105 BCE
Ansa	Numidya

Di 146 (w.s.ɛ.) , Qarṭaj, tamdint n Hanibal, yesɣeḍl-itt Ṛṛum s lemɛawna n Massnsen. Tadukli-yaggi ger Ṛṛum akw d Massnsen yeqqim ar mi d ass mi i yemmut. Arraw n Massnsen, Masibsen, Mastanabal akw d Gulusa, qqlen d igelliden ɣef tmurt. Zrin kra n isegwasen yemmut Mastanabal akw d Gulusa, yeqqim-ed ḥaca Masibsa d agellid. Mastanabal imi yemmut yesɛa-d sin igerdan, Yugurten akw d Guda. Masibsa yesker-ed igerdan n gma-s am zun akken d arraw-is, iga-yasen s leqṛaṛ yerna yesɣer-iten. Masibsa igelled 30 isegwasen, yesɛa-d sin igerdan, Aderbal akw d Hemsal. Di lawan-is, Masibsa ikemmel tidukla i d-yebda Massnsen ger Imaziɣen akw d Iṛumyen. Masibsa iteddu di lebɣi n Ṛṛum acku imir nni ulac win izemren ad d-yerfed afus-is zdat n Ṛṛum.

Yugurten yella yeqfez d izumal, yugar akw tizya-s; yesdukel tiḥeṛci akw d leǧhada. Yella d amnay ifazen ayen din, yernu iteddu ɣer ṣyada. Aṭṭas n wid iḥemmlen Yugurten acku yettcabi ɣer Massnsen di tezmart akw d tḥeṛci. Deg tazwara, Masibsa yefraḥ s mmi-s n gma-s, ass mi iḥulfa belli ur yeǧhid ara, ikcem-it weɣbel n warraw-is acku mazal-iten meẓẓiyit yerna Yugurten ma ikemmel akka yezmer ad yuɣal d agellid. Masibsa yebɣa d arraw-is ar a t-id-ixelfen. D accu ar a yexdem akken ad yekkes Yugurten deg webrid n warraw-is ? Ihi yefka-t ɣer imenɣi, yessarem dinn-a ad yemmet Yugurten, ad d-yeqqim wemkan-is i warraw-is. Di 134 (w.s.ɛ.) Yugurten iruḥ ɣer Sbenyul akken ad iɛiwen Ṛṛum deg imenɣi-nsen. Mačči akken yessarem Masibsa i teffeɣ, Yugurten yeqqel-asen d izem i yeɛdawen-is. Iṛumyen setɛerfen fell-as, cekren-t akken ma llan. Ihi Yugurten ibeggen-ed iman-is d argaz. Yerna di Sbunyul yefhem akw amek i teddunt temsal.

Ass mi i yemmut Masibsen deg useggwas n 118 (w.s.ɛ.) arraw-is nnejmaɛen akw d Yugurten akken ad feṛqen tamurt maca ur ssawḍen ara ad msefhamen, ihi fkan ttiɛud ad mlilen tikelt nniḍen. Yugurten si tazwara yenwa d netta ar a yuɣalen d agellid acku yeɣleb arraw n Masibsen di leɛmeṛ, yerna lɛeṣker akw ḥemlen-t. Ihi weqbel ad yemlil wis ssin iberdan akw d warraw n Masibsa, yekker yenɣa Hemsal di yiwet n temdint imi qqaren Tirmida. Ayen i yexdem akka Yugurten yefreq agdud ɣef sin, yiwen wamur yedda d Uderbal wayeḍ yedda d Yugurten. Aneggaru-yaggi yettkel yedda yid-es lɛeṣker yerna yesɛa tamusni d wid i ḥekmen di Ṛṛum; yettak-asen tijɛal akken ur ttɛawanen ara Aderbal. Akken kan yebda imenɣi ger sin watmaten-aggi, Aderbal iwala belli ur yezmir ara ad iqabel lɛeṣker n Yugurten; ihi yerwel ɣer Ṛṛum yedda di leɛnaya-nsen. Aderbal imi yewweḍ ɣer Ṛṛum icetka ɣef Yugurten acku imiren Tamazɣa mazal-itt ddaw uzalgu n Ṛṛum. Ihi tekcem-ed Ṛṛum ger sin watmaten-agi, tefṛeq-asen tamurt. Yugurten niqal yeqbel faṛuq-agi, lamaɛna akken kan ɛeddan 4 isegwasen iɛawed ṛṛay-is, yebɣa tamellalt, tasekkurt! Ihi yekker s imenɣi akken ad yawi ula d amur n Aderbal. Aneggaru-yagi yessawel i Ṛṛum akken a t-menɛen. Abrid-aggi Yugurten ibgges-ed, yugi ad yerr aḍar. Yugurten yezzi-yas-ed s lɛeṣker i temdint n Sirṭa, anda i yella Uderbal. Di temdint-agi n Sirṭa qwan Iṛumyen ixeddmen tǧaṛa. Aderbal yeẓra ur yezmir ara ad iqabel Yugurten, ihi yeffeɣ-ed ɣer-es akken ad isellem iman-is mebla imenɣi. Yugurten yussa-d akken ad yawi uqerru n Aderbal, ihi yenɣa-t din din. Ikemmel yenɣa akw Iṛumyen i yellan di Sirṭa. S yaggi ɣer d asawen, ulac tuɣalin ɣer deffir.Yugurten yesdukel amur-is akw d win n Aderbal, yeqqel d netta i d agellid. Ṛṛum ur yesṭaɛref ara s Yugurten d agellid acku ur syaɛǧib ara wayen yexdem Yugurten, labaɛda imi yenɣa Iṛumyen-nni di Sirṭa. Yugurten ihegga iman-is; imiren win i kecmen deg imenɣi akw d Ṛṛum am win yettnaɣen d win i t-yernan acku di lawan-nni, Ṛṛum ulac win is-izemren.

Asegwas amenzu deg imenɣi-agi ger Yugurten akw d Ṛṛum, Yugurten yettak tijɛal i wid i ḥekmen lɛeṣker n Ṛṛum akken ur ttnaɣen ara yid-es. Yugurten iḥeccem Ṛṛum, acku yuɣ irgazen-is s tejɛal. Di 109 (w.s.ɛ.) Ṛṛum terna tceyyeɛ lɛeṣker nniḍen ɣer Tmazɣa, abrid-agi ssawḍen ad ṭfen Bgayet maca ur kcimen ɣer temnaḍin nniḍen. Yugurten mazal-it ibed ɣef ifadden-is, yessen tamurt am ufus-is; s tḥeṛci yeɣleb aɛdaw-is. Di tegrest n 108 (w.s.ɛ.) imezdaɣ n Bgayet ṭṭfen-ed yiwen wazen n Yugurten anda isen-d-yenna: “ Nɣet-tten, nɣet-tten akken ma llan”. Ihi imezdaɣen n Bgayet uɣen awal n Yugurten kkren nɣan akw Iṛumyen i yellan di Bgayet. Yugurten yebɣa ad d-yesker amnafaq di Tmazɣa zdat n Ṛṛum. Aṭas imezdaɣ n Tmazɣa i yeddan yid-es, ama s tin n lxir neɣ s tin n tmara. Lɛeṣker n Ṛṛum yerra urfan-is ɣef imezdaɣ, anda yewweḍ ad yexdem axeṣṣar deg-sen. Di temdint n Tala, lɛeṣker-agi n Ṛṛum yezzi-yas-ed 40 wussan, imezdaɣ n temdint-aggi akken walan ulac tarewla, ṭfen-d akw cci-nsen (dheb akw d lfeṭṭa) gren-t ɣer yiwen wexxam, kecmen ɣer wexxam-nni, fkan-as times akken nitni d axel-is, qeblen a ten-tečč tmes ula ad uɣalen d aklan.

Ass mi yewweḍ lɛeṣker n Ṛṛum ɣer tama n wadda n Tmazɣa, Yugurten yesdukel-ed ɣur-es aḍeggal-is Bukus, agellid n Muriṭanya. Di 108 (w.s.ɛ.), Yugurten yesla belli d yiwen wergaz imi qqaren Marius i yeqwlen ɣef uqerru n lɛeṣker n Ṛṛum i yellan di Tmazɣa. Xas akken yeqwa lɛeṣker di Tmazɣa, Marius yeḍleb si Ṛṛum akken as-d-rnun lɛeṣker. Marius ikemmel ayen i yebdan yid-ak iɛeddan, s kra n win i yeddan d Yugurten yenɣa-t ama d argaz neɣ d tameṭṭut, yerẓa uzegzaw s uquṛan. Ass mi ifukk unebdu n 107 (w.s.ɛ.) Marius yessaweḍ ad yeṭṭef yiwet n temdint imi qqaren Gafṣa; yecɛel deg-s times; yenɣa akw irgazen, ma d lxalat akw d igerdan yeznez-iten d aklan. Tasa n Marius teqqur, smaḥ ɣur-es ur yelli.

Yugurten yeḍleb si Bukus akken ad iheggi iman-is ɣer imenɣi acku yebɣa ad iqabel Marius udem ɣer wudem. Di tegrest n 106, imenɣi yebda ger Yugurten akw d Marius; di tazwara yugar-it Yugurten xas akken yeqwa lɛeṣker n Marius. Akken 6 wussan qlen s imenɣi tikelt nniḍen maca abrid-agi yugar-it Marius. Yugurten xas akken yečča tiyita lamaɛna ur yegzim ara assirem, yeɛzem ad ikemmel imenɣi. Si tama nniḍen, Bukus yeffeɣ-it ussirem, yebɣa ad iḥbes imenɣi; yebɣa ad yemcawaṛ d Ṛṛum. Iṛumyen d anect-agi kan i ttṛajun, si tazwara bɣan ad mcawaṛen d yemdukal n Yugurten akken a t-id-ṭṭfen d amuddur. Bukus yenna-yas i Yugurten belli yettemcawaṛ akw d Ṛṛum akken ad ḥebsen imenɣi. Yugurten yeqbel aḥbas imenɣi maca yefka-yasen ccuṛuṭ-ines. Ṛṛum akw d Bukus uddin-as-tt, ṭfen-t. Deg usegwas n 105 (w.s.ɛ.), Yugurten yettwaṭṭef ger ifassen n Marius s txudɛa. Ṛṛum tefka-yas i Bukus amur n Yugurten, yeqqel d netta i d agellid.

Marius yeqqel ɣer Ṛṛum yewwi yid-es Yugurten d ameḥbus. Imi yewweḍ ɣer temdint n Ṛṛum, sersen-as lqec n ugellid i Yugurten akken a t-seknen akw i lɣaci. Imezdaɣ n Ṛṛum akken ma llan wehmen imi i walan Yugurten d ameḥbus. Yugurten yeqqim di lḥebbs 6 wussan yemmut si fad akw d laẓ.

I-d-irran adris a deg usmel d Hakim Abdat.

Imenɣi n Yugurten

Sɣur Salluste

Snat n tghawsisin i-d-iyi ssawd’en ad arugh ghef imenghi yed’ran ger wegdudi ar’umi akk d Yugurten, agellid n Imazighen.

Tamezwarut : imenghi agi yusa-d is’aab, degs rrbeÌ degs axess’ar’. Tis snat : d tikelt tamezwarut i d-yerfed yiwen afus-is ad yerr i wjujru n win yettekkan yezmer.

Qbel ad bdugh ameslay ad gregh tamawt gher wayen yed’ran weqbel imenghi agi ger Rr’um d Yugurten. Deg menghi afniqi wis sin (deuxième geurre punique) ger Rr’um d Hanibal, Ir’umyen ughen tighrit qerr’ih’et. Agellid Imazighen, Masensen, yella yedda d Rr’um, yennugh akken ilaq, ibeggen-ed iman-is maçi d yiwen ubrid.

Asmi teghli Kart’aj, yekker Rr’um yefka-yas i Masensen kra n temdint d kra n tmurt i d-ih’ella s ufus-is. Dgha Masensen iqqim d ah’bib ameqran n Rr’um. Maca asmi yemmut teghli tmurt-is.

Syen ar zdat d mmis n Massensen, Masibsen (Mécipsa), i d-yegwran ala netta i d agellid segmi mmuten watmaten-is Mastanabal akw d Gulusa.

Masibsen isâa-d sin warrac, Aderbal akw d Hemsal ; yerna issker-ed Yugurten, mmis n gma-s Mastanabal. Asmi yewwed’ d ilemz’i, Yugurten yesdukkel ldjehd, zzin d lefhama yufraren.

Ur yerri ara iman-is gher zzhu d ighimi. Yed’fer’ amedya n wegdud-is : yella d amnay izaden, yettemzazzal netta d tezyiwin-is. Xas akken yif-iten, h’emmlen-t akw. Rnu yetts’eggid atas : ad yewwet izem d amezwaru, maca d netta i d aneggaru ara izuxxen.

Deg tazwara, Masibsen yefr’eh’ s mmi-s n gma-s. Ighil ad yecbeh’ yess.Yughal mi ywala netta wesser, arraw-is mezz’iyit, ikecm-it weghbel, imi Yugurten la ittalli wazal-is. Tughal temsalt agi n Yugurten tezdegh aqerruy-is. Ad yeg aghbel tamara : tamezwarut imdanen h’emlen temgher, ulac ara djjen i wakken ad awd’en gher-s ; tis snat agerruj n Masibsen maçi d yiwen ara ised’maa. Taneggarut yugad ma yengha Yugurten ad as-d-tas merrighet imi agdud amazigh ih’emmel Yugurten at’as.

Asmi i s d-iban lh’al ur yezmir ara ad yekkes Yugurten ama s tin n yighil ama s tin ntih’erci, yegwra-yas-d kan a t-yefk s imenghi. Ahat dinna Yugurten ad yemmet ; sakin ad frunt tlufa n Masibsen.

Dgha tettunefk-as tegnit deg menghi n Numance di tmurt n S’benyul anda yettnagh Rr’um. Masibsen iceggeâ imnayen d iterrsaen ad âiwnen Rr’um, yesbedd-ed Yugurten d aqerru ghef Imazighen I teddun gher tmurt n S’benyul.

Yessarem deg wul-is ur d yettughal ara Yugurten. Maca, maçi akken i tt-yundi i t tett’ef. Yugurten yefhem lâeqleyya n P. Scipion (Général romain) i yellan d aqerru ghef lâesker’ n Rr’um, yerna yefhem tili n yeâdawen. Yughal d netta i d adebbuz n Numance ; h’emmlen-t ula d lâesker’ n Rr’um imi yessdukkel tirrugza akw d trusi n leâqel.

Ad’ris agi ittwakkes-d di : Bulletin d’études Berbères, n° 12, 1977, Université Paris VIII,

Ẓeṛ daɣen

Yugurten

Tamselyut

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