Iqbayliyen
Iqbayliyen[2] neɣ Igawawen, Izwawen (llan daɣen leqbayel aked Igelsisen[3]) d agdud amaziɣ yettidir deg Tmawya i d-yezgan degʷugafa-asammer n Lezzayer.
Igawawen, Izwawen, Igelsisen | |
|---|---|
 Taddart deg tamurt n izwawen | |
| Timnaḍin akked amur ameqqran n yimezdaɣen | |
| Leqbayel | |
 Lezzayer | 9 ɣer 14 imelyunen |
 Fṛansa | 1 imelyunen |
| Tutlayin | |
| Taqbaylit, Timslayin wis sin: Taɛrabt n leqran, Taɛrabt tatrart, Taɛrabt tazzayrit, Tafransist[1]. | |
Ansa i d yekka wawal n "Leqbayel"
ẓregIsem amziki n izwawen d "Amaziɣ", awal-agi yekka-d seg uẓar MZƔ azaraw-is (lmaɛna-s) d iseɣ, d inzer, illi-d argaz n tidett ur yekna ara, illi-d tameṭṭut n tidett ur tettkerkis ara. Amaziɣ ur-id akli.
Qqaren-asen daɣen i leqbayel "izwawen", ɣer Ibn Xeldun, azaraw-is d aneflas (laɛskar), ɣur-nnaɣ Azwaw d aneflas yeḍfer tasuli (laɛda) n zik, ila (isɛa) azal n imezwura, yekkat wuzzal war kukru, yezmer i wiyyaḍ. Yella aẓar ZW, azaraw-is d win yetsuɣu g umennuɣ.
Aẓar n wawal "Amawti/Imawtiyen" yekka-d seg tangaṭ (tamaziɣt taqurant n leqbayel), yera (yebɣa) ad-yini "win n tawsit", acku zik isem n tmurt leqbayel d "Tamawya", yera ad-yini s tarumit "les familles, les tribus" g tangaṭ qqaren ayt zik i "la famille" : Tawya.
Aẓaṛ n wawal "aqbayli" yekka-d seg teɛṛabt قبائل anamek-is s Teqbaylit «tiwsitin». Iṛumanen ssawalen-asen d Quinquegentanei (semmus [5] n Iderman), (wid izedɣen neɣ yettidiren Mons Ferratus, "Adrar n ğerğer"), wissen isem n tura ma yekka-d seg win n zik neɣ ala.
S umata ur llin ara aɣbalu ameqqʷran ɣef umezruy n yisem-agi, maca nezmer a nefk yiwet n turda yelan assaɣ s tawtilt n Tamurt n Iqbayliyen deg ukud-nni (tallit-nni) imi medden ddren seddaw n tezmert n tiddukla n iderman.
Aẓaṛ n wawal izdayen
ẓregAgdud Aqbayli
ẓregAmezruy n wegdud aqbayli, d amezruy ameqqʷran akk-d yewwin i g issewhamen, zran igiman n iseggasen, azal 10 000 iseggasen send talalit n Ɛisa ; d imezdaɣ imezwura n Tefriqt ugafa send n tlalit n umezruy amaynut, agdud aqbayli d yiwen wegdud gar yegduden imzikiyen i yeğğan later deg umezruy n yemdanen.
Agdud aqbayli yedder, yerna yexlef Irrumanen, yiwen amenkud i yestaɛmren ddunit irkul, yexlef Ifniqen, ladɣa Yugurten yemmut s tidet agdud-is yedder, yexlaf Maryus; tura arraw-is kren ţlaɛin i wid ur numin ara; adgud aqbayli atan dagi andaţ Rum ? Dihya temmut, s tidet, yessi-is krent tura ttnadin; anda-t Ɛuqba Ibn Nafiɛ? I wid mazal ur numin ara agdud aqbayli atan mazal dagi! Tidet amezruy n wegdud aqbayli yessewham acku d yiwen n umezruy yeţwebnan ɣef taɣert, tuccda, akk-d iseflan n imawlan-is.
Ussan agi Iqbayliyen ttidiren g wakud (lweqt) n la renaissance n-sen, sennig aɣebbar n wakud akk-d d leqhar n iɛdawen, tteddun ɣer zdat, aqlaɣ nettwali tallit n aɣlan (ljens), Aɣlan aqbayli.
Iqbayliyen g zik semman iman-sen Imaziɣen , Agdud Amaziɣ, win ur neqbil ara lbatel neɣ akerwa.
Amezruy Atrar
ẓregDeg Amezruy Atrar, Iqbayliyen mači d inumidyen inumdiyen d icawiyen d icenwiyen lqbayel nutni des maures pas numides]], llan iɣerfan n yewen uwanek, yeddren azal n 100 n iseggasen (seg azal 206 UL* di lweqt n tageldit n Masnsen, agellid di facto n Numidya, armi lexsara n Yugurten g 104 UL) awanek agi yettusema Numidya.
Numidya tella azal n Dzayer akk-d Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen lwahid.
Numidya tbedd meyya iseggasen, llan wid qqaren dakken meyya n isegwassen d wacemma, maɛna timura n ddunit merra ur sɛant ara akter n 30 iseggassen di laɛmer-nsent, amek yezmer yewin ad inni belli Numidya d ulac i tella? Numidya i gɛacen akter n meyya n iseggasen, ugar n Dzayer akk-d timura n Tefriqt merra, akter n uhric ameqran n timura n Turuft Tagmuḍant, mi teɣli Numidya tsɛa azal n laɛmer n Kanada.
Amnekcam arumani
ẓregLestaɛmar arumani yenzeg akter n 525 isegassen, seg lexsara n Yugurtan zdat irumaniyen g 104 UL armi uɣelluy n inugura agi s iffassen n Geiseric Aɛiban (agellid n Ivandaliyen) akk-d inelmaden-is mi g kecmen ɣer Tafriqt ugafa g 429.
Imnekcamen Ivandalen
ẓregGeiseric yebnad tageldit tamezwarut n Ivandaliyen g Tafriqt ugafa s Saldae (Bgayet) am tamaneɣt-is; yestaɛmered Sicillia, Sardenya, Kursika, akk-ed tegzirin n Baleares, yernad yekcem ɣef Rum yewid yides mi i gefeɣ, azal n yewen n ddurt g 455, atas n igerrujen akk-ed iseflawen n lğameɛ n Lquds (iseflawen i yefkan Udayen i lğameɛ-nsen) i d yewi Titus ɣef Roma melmi igstaɛmered Lquds.
Amnekcam Abyzanti
ẓregIvandaliyen ţwakssent di Tafriqt ugafa s iɛsekriyen n Justinianus I, agellid n umekad Abyzanti; amenkad n ivandaliyen ydum-d 105 isegassen (429-534).
Yiwen lamer yesɛan atas n wazal di lwegt-nni; ahric ameqran n imaziɣen rebhen telelli-nsen, mi yal aggay yetsnaɣ mgal wayid.
Amenkad Abyzanti ydumed g Tafriqt ugafa s 534 armi i gxser amgaru mgal Iɛraben wid bdan Ttrad n Lesteɛmar n Tefriqt g lqern wis tmanya (azal n 642 -705).
Amnekcam Aɛrab
ẓregIɛraben qetɛen lebher, staɛmren Maser g 642, kemlen alhu-nsen, zedmen ɣef tamurt n yimaziɣen, tamurt n leqbayel.
Listiɛmar Aɛrab, am lbers, di tamuggit ɣef Iqbayliyen i yella; imi Imaziɣen rebhen kkra n lehna, akk-d tallalit, seqsefen azaglu akk-d alehu n amenkud abyzanti ɣer usamer n tilisa-nsen.
Iqbayliyen nnuɣen-d mgal Iɛraben s wayen akk yellan, s tezmart, s tdusi (lğehd), s tudert-nsen, imi ţwallan simmal iţeddu aɛdaw simmal yexreb, yenɣa, yehreq, yeqher ayen yellan d amaziɣ, ayen yesɛan rruh n umaziɣ. Mbeɛd akter n sebɛa meyya n isegassen n tagrawla, Imaziɣen ɛyan, cban izem nni ur sɛin ara azuren merra imi tazzla n idammen-is texla ayen yeqimen di lğehd-is, ayen yeqimmen di tmanegt-is, ur yezmir ad yeker; izem aqbayli yeɣli-d ur yekkir ara, Iɛraben hesben d lmut i g yemut.
Mbeɛd amerni aqher; ilulufen n imaziɣen, tilawen xesrent lherma-nsent akk-d asehru-nsent, ilulufen n warrac n Iqbayliyen imelsiyen ufan lmut si ifassen n iɛsekriyen Iɛraben, ilulufen nnidden zzenzen-ten aklan g leswaq n Mekka.
Imi tfuk Taslekt ni Iɛraben, Tafriqt ugafa tuɣaled d amɣiz ni iklan ɣef leswaq n Wegmuḍ Alemmas.
Iqbayliyen am akken ad menɛen tudert n tarwa-nesn, akk-d ayen i geqimen di lherma n tilawen-nsen qeblen, ijenwiyen g ullawen nsen, ddin amaynut n iɛraben; iɛraben wwden anda yewin n lğens ur yewwi-d, zzuɣren telelli n yimaziɣen.
Syenna d asawen, tutlayt n yimaziɣen akk-d ismawen-nsen uɣallen d lehram.
G 705 anbaz Aɛrab i-bereh belli tamurt n yiqbayliyen d yiwet n tamnatt tamenzut n umnkad aɛrab ara tilli; Tafriqt ugafa tɛeda g yiwen n ukala ig bedlen idles-is, tamuɣli-is, akk-d imal-is.
Amnekcam Aɛrab yeqqim armi yetwabdal s lestiɛmar n Iɛetmaniyen seddaw n timelwi n Xayreddin d ayetma-s Ɛeruj, i d-xelqen atrar ussamer n Dzayer, bdan asseɣwel n tama agi am asutel n iflisen n ddunit merra. Taflist-nsen ternu, temɣid ɣef lqrun 1600; taflist mgal lbaburat n Iwunak Yedduklen g Ilel agrakal sebba n Ttrad n Taflist Tamezwarut, akk-d Ttrad n Taflist Tis Snat, anda mutten atas n imddanen imelsiyen.
Amnekcam arumi (Fransa)
ẓregDeg 1830, s sebba belli Lbay n Dzayer yewwet amalway n tamahelt-is, Fransa tenbez Dzayer; lameɛna, azbu i g qquren n Yiqbayliyen, Amɣar Ameqran (El-Mokrani) akk-d Faḍma n Sumer, stɛetlen taslekt agi almi Agud aqbayli yeţwaxdɛen s ageldun n Yiɛraben yettuseman Ɛebedlqader imi d-yefka takbabt-is ɣef Wemtawa n Tefna wahid Fransa.
Amtawa n Tafna, 30 mayyu 1837, yeswejd abrid ɣef wanger n Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen ihi kan teqled agezdir n Fransa. Fransa, isegassen kkra mbeɛd, tefka-d Aguldun Ɛebdelqader amidag n la Légion d'honneur akk-d tajɛelt n 4000 Louis (idrimen n Fransa) mkul aggur armi yemut g 26 mayyu 1883.
Wagi d adris n Amtawa n Tafna:
Melmi amgaru mgal tamurt n Iqbayliyen ifuk, Fransa tezdem ɣef leğwahi nidden n Tafriqt ugafa terna texleq Ldzayer n tura; Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen, Timura n uguldun ɛabd Qader, akk-d d Uneẓruf Ameqran (timura n Twareg/Imuhaɣ).
G 1954, Igen n Taslullit Taɣelnawt (ALN) tebda ţţrad n taslullit; mbaɛd n sebɛa isegassen n imenɣi, Fransa teğğa Dzayer g 19962. Aḥric ameqran n 1,025,000 Iḍaren Iberkanen akk-d 91,000 iḥerkiyyen, azal n 10% n imezdaɣ n Ledzayer g 1962, rewlen ɣef Fransa g useggwas-nni.
Ẓeṛ daɣen
ẓreg- ↑ Frawley, William J. (2003). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE - Esperanto, Volume 1. Oxford University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0195139778. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]