Skundinavya
Skundinavya (s tadanict : Skandinavien, s tnurvijit : Skandinavia, s taswidt : Skandinavien), d temnaḍt n Turuft n Ugafa deg-s Sswid, Nuṛvij, Danmaṛk ed tikkwal deg-s daɣen Finland, Island ed Tigzirin n Faru[1].
Amezruy ẓreg
Seg taggara n uzarmezruy, igduden n Skundinavya sɛin yiwen laṣel ɣef tuddsa tinmettiyin ed ɣer teflas timasɣanin tinaṣlin, tinmettiyin tefellaḥin ur ssinent ara tissumga. Di leqrun wis 8 d wis 11, tella tiwayin n iskundinavyen deg Turuft (Viking) ed iskundinavyen i bdan unermes akked idelsan Utaram ed Tamasiḥit. Seg imiren, tigeldiwin n Nurvij, Sswid ed Danmaṛk nnuɣent wway-gar-asent[2].
Tadukli n Kalmar (1397-1520) teffeɣ tadukli tasertit n tlata n tigeldiwin-nni, umaɛna Sswid ed Danmaṛk nnuɣent ɣef iḥekmen Ilel n Baltik[2].
Takti n Tadukli n Skundinavya iban-d deg lqern wis 19, ed tefka deg Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Amezwaru ɣef Tamɣiwent n Trawsa[2].
Deffir Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Wis Sin, Sswid tetteṭṭef dima tasertit-ines n trawsa, ma Danmaṛk akked Nuṛvij tekcem ɣer Tuddsa n temsisit n ugafa anaṭlas (NATO) deg 1949 ed Finland testinyi aɣan n Paris akked Tadukli Tasuvyitit deg 1947[2].
Seg 1973, Danmaṛk tekcem ɣer Tadukli Tuṛufit, d acu kan, Finland tekcem seg 1995 akked Sswid[2].
Tasnamurt ẓreg
Anezwu ẓreg
Danmaṛk, wenẓul n Sswid ed ugemmaḍ umalu n Nuṛvij sɛant unezwu agarwan, ma talemmast n Skundinavya tesɛa unezwu amenẓaw. Kra n idurar n Nuṛvij ed Sswid sɛant n inezwu n Tundra akked tezɣal tegres, ma deg Island ed Grinland yella unezwu usfaylu[3].
Idles ẓreg
Tutlayin ẓreg
Igduden n Skundinavya fehmen gar-asen mi yettmeslayen mebla lǧehd[4]. Tutlayin n Skundinavya d terbaɛt n tutlayin tiǧermanin deg-s tutlayin tatrarin : tadanict, taswidt, tnurvijit, tislandit ed tutlayt n Faru. S umata tutlayin-nni bḍant ɣef sin n tirbuyaɛ; tutlayin n Skundinavya n usammar (tadanict ed taswidt), tutlayin n Skundinavya n umalu (tnurvijit, tislandit ed tutlayt n Faru)[5].
Tazmilt ẓreg
- ↑ (en) Scandinavia, deg britannica.com.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 et 2,4
Scandinavie, deg larousse.fr.
- ↑ LE CLIMAT DE LA SCANDINAVIE, deg marcovasco.fr.
- ↑ Origines et formation de la Scandinavie, deg clio.fr.
- ↑ (en) Scandinavian languages, deg britannica.com.
