Ibn Baṭṭuṭa
Abu Ɛebdellah Muḥemmed ibn Ɛebdellah al-Lawati al-Ṭanji ibn Baṭṭuṭa (s taɛrabt : أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله بن محمد بن ابراهيم اللواتي الطنجي[1]), qqaren-as Ibn Baṭṭuṭa (s taɛrabt : ابن بطوطة[1]), illul ass n 24 yebrir 1304 deg Tingi, d amessikel ineslem meqqren akk deg Tallit-Tanammast, d ameskar n yiwen seg idlisen mucaɛen akk n assikel qqaren-as s taɛrabt : تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار, deg adlis-nni Ibn Baṭṭuṭa iglem-d yisiklen-is n ahat n 120 000 km, anda yeẓra-d ɣer aṭas n timura yimselmen ed ar Ccinwa ed Sumaṭra (deg Indunisya n tura)[2].
 Ibn Baṭṭuṭa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tameddurt | |
| Talalit | Tin Iggi, 24 Fuṛaṛ 1304 |
| Tutlayt tayemmat | Taɛrabt |
| Lmut | Fas, 1368 |
| Ideg n uẓekka |
Tomb of Ibn Batutta (en)  |
| Tawacult | |
| Tissulya akked |
première femme d'Ibn Battuta (fr) (1325 - |
| Tiɣri | |
| Tutlayin |
Taɛrabt Tafursit Taterkit |
| Amahil | |
| Amahil |
explorateur ou exploratrice (fr) , géographe (fr) , amaru, cartographe (fr) , lqaḍi, amsenzu, voyageur ou voyageuse (fr) d faqîh (fr) |
| Important works |
Le Rihla (fr) |
| Taflest | |
| Asɣan | Tineslemt |
Tudert ed yisiklen ẓreg
Ibn Baṭṭuṭa illul ass n 24 yebrir 1304 deg Tingi (deg uwanak n Ayt Mrin), mis n tawacult taqayemt[3] laṣel-is d Imaziɣen n Ilwaten (s taɛrabt : Lawata, لواتة)[4], deg-s llan aṭas n inezrafen (iqaḍiyen), mi meẓẓiyet, yeɣra taɣdemt ed tasekla deg tamdint n wanida yezdeɣ Tingi[2].
Isiklen ɣer Tafriqt ed Usamar alemmas (1325-1332) ẓreg
Ɣer 21 n yiseggasen (deg 1325), Ibn Baṭṭuṭa yebda iskilen-is s Lḥeǧǧ ɣer Mekka, yettεeddin ɣef timura n Tafriqt Ugafa, Nnil, Dimecq ed Ḥaleb, uqbel ad yawi ubrid ɣer n Mekka, anda yewweḍ deg 1326. Ardeqqal, iteddu ɣer Tamurt n Faris (Iṛan n tura) ed Beɣdad, ed ad d-yuɣal ɣer Tazunegzirt taɛrabt (deg 1327) anda yeqqim kraḍ n iseggasen. Syin akkin, iteddu ɣer tillis n timura n yimselmen ɣef Ilel Azeggaɣ ed ugemmaḍ Usammar n Tafriqt, yewweḍ alamma tegzirt n Kilwa (deg Tanzanya n tura), iteddu daɣen ɣer Abagu Afarsi ed Tamurt n Faris (deg 1332), uqbel ad d-yuɣal tikkelt nniḍen ɣer Lḥeǧǧ deg Mekka[3].
Isiklen ɣer timura n ugafa Lhend ed Ccinwa (1332-1346) ẓreg
Deffir Tazunegzirt taɛrabt, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa iteddu ɣer agafa ɣef Anaḍul (deg Tturk n tura) ed Tzunegzirt n Qirim (deg Rusya ed Ukrayin n tura), Tirkaf n wuṛeɣ[3], anda yessen-is l-Xan-nsen[2], ed iteddu syin akkin ɣer Istambul akked yiwet seg tlawin n l-Xan. Ardeqqal, ad d-yuɣal ɣer l-Xan ed iteddu ɣer usamar ɣef Lhend, yettεeddin ɣef wasif n Volga, Afɣanistan, Idurar n Hindu Kuc ed yewweḍ ɣer Delhi deg 1333, anda yeqqim ahat tẓa (tesɛa) n iseggasen ixeddem sselṭan[3] em Qaḍi (anezraf)[2]. Deg 1342, rran d anmahal ɣer amenkad n Ccinwa, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa yeǧǧa Delhi ma d askil-is yella yeččur imihiyen; iẓdem-d fell-as iɣewwaɣen ihendusen, ixesseṛ ayla-s ed isefka n amenkad n Ccinwa. Yugad urrif n sselṭan-is, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa yextaṛ ad iṛuḥ ɣer Imeldiwen[2], anda yeqqim ugar n yiwen aseggas ed ixeddem em Qaḍi (anezraf), syin akkin, iɛewwel ad iteddu ɣer Ccinwa[2], yettεeddin ɣef Seylan (Sri Lanka n tura), Tamurt n Bangal (deg Bangladec ed agafa-usammar n Lhend n tura) ed Sumaṭra (deg Indunisya n tura)[3], i yerza ar Pekin ed ad yuɣal ɣer Sumaṭra[2].
Tuɣalin ɣer Asamar alemmas ed Tafriqt (1349-1354) ẓreg
Ibn Baṭṭuṭa ad d-yuɣal ɣer Asamar alemmas ɣef Lhend ed Abagu Afarsi[3], alamma Beɣdad ed Surya, anda iḥewweṣ ɣer aṭas n timdinin dinna[2], uqbel ad d-yuɣal tikkelt nniḍen ed taneggarut ɣer Lḥeǧǧ deg Mekka (deg 1349)[3]. Iteddu syin akkin ɣer Maṣer ed Tunes seg Taskendrit, yettεeddin daɣen ɣef Sardinya, Lezzayer, ed taggara yewweḍ ɣer Fas d tamanaɣt n sselṭan n imarinen, deg wamber 1394[2].
Kra n lweqt deffir tuɣalin-is (deg 1350), Ibn Baṭṭuṭa iteddu ɣer Limara n Ɣernaṭa. Deg 1352, yessikil ɣer Aneẓruf Ameqran n Tafriqt, ɣef lamer n sselṭan[2], yettεeddin ɣef wasif n Nnijer, Tin Buktu, Gao, Ahaggar ed Isgelmasen[3], ed yeqqim yiwen aseggas deg Tamnekda n Mali[2].
Lewhi n tagara n 1353, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa ad d-yuɣal ɣer Meṛṛakec, anda ixeddem em Qaḍi deg yiwet seg timdinin-s[2].
Lmut-is ẓreg
Isegziyen (ttfaṣil) n lmut n Ibn Baṭṭuṭa ur tban ara ar tura, yezmer lḥal ad yemmut deg 1368/69 neɣ deg 1377, yettwamḍel deg temdint ideg tlul Tingi[2].
Ayen yura ẓreg
Deffir 1353, ed ɣef asuter n sselṭan, Ibn Baṭṭuṭa ad yezbuɣ waktayen-is n isiklen i amaru Ibn Juzayy (amaru andalusi yemmut deg 1355)[2]. adlis-agi qqaren-as s taɛrabt : Tuḥfat an-Nuḍḍār fī Ɣaraʾib al-Amṣar wa Ɛaǧaʾib al-Asfar, تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار, neɣ al-Rriḥla (Asikel), الرحلة , d warrat d axatar i yessefhem-d aṭas n tamiwin n amezruy anmetti, adelsan ed amserti n timura yimselmen, ullisen-is n issikelen ɣer Anaḍul, Tafriqt Umalu, Tafriqt Usamar, Imeldiwen ed Lhend, llin aɣbalu meqqren n amezruy n timnaḍin-nni[5].
Tijmilin ẓreg
- Mall n Dubay (Ibn Battuta Mall, 2005)[6].
- Amafag n Tingi (مطار طنجة ابن بطوطة الدولي)[7].
- Uruz n wayyur (Ibn Battuta lunar crater)[8].
Ass n 25 fuṛaṛ 2012, Google yemmug d tajmilt i Ibn Baṭṭuṭa i imulli-is wis 708, akked tugna n yisiklen-is[9].
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Amafag n Tingi -
Ibn Battuta Mall. -
Ibn Battuta lunar crater
.JPG)
Muqqel daɣen ẓreg
Tizmilin ẓreg
- ↑ 1,0 et 1,1
ed 
Ibn Batuta, Voyages d'Ibn Batoutah, texte arabe, accompagné d' une tr. par C. Defrémery et B.R. Sanguinetti. 4 tom,Volume 1, 1853, (taɣuṛi), tawṛiqt 1-2.
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 et 2,13 (en) Ibn Battuta, deg britannica.com.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 et 3,7 Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abd Allah Ibn Battuta, deg larousse.fr.
- ↑ (en) Ross E. Dunn, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century, University of California Press, 1989, (ISBN 9780520067431) (taɣuṛi), tawṛiqt 19 ed 314.
- ↑ (en) Travels work by Ibn Battuta, deg britannica.com.
- ↑ (en) bn Battuta Mall: Shopping centre that lets you explore new places, deg gulfnews.com.
- ↑ Christiane Dupont Nangle, De Tanger à Marrakech, Marsam Editions, 2007, (ISBN 9789954210932) (taɣuṛi), tawṛiqt wis 18.
- ↑ (en) Ibn Battuta (Moon), deg wenamethestars.inkleby.com.
- ↑ 708e anniversaire de la naissance d'Ibn Battûta, deg google.com.
